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- [Narrator] Now switching over to

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the female side of things.

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The ovaries are the primary organs.

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Now the ovaries release oocytes.

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Those are the eggs, the immature eggs.

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And the ovaries will also help secrete

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the hormones estrogen and progesterone.

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From the ovaries, we
have these tubes called

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uterine tubes, you might know more

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about term of fallopian tube.

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This is what will help

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to carry these oocytes, or immature eggs

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from the ovaries down towards the uterus.

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But another reason why they are important

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is if fertilization's going to occur

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so if the egg will be fertilized,

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it'll typically occur in the upper third

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of the uterine tube so that first

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upper third there is where the sperm

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would typically run
into the egg or oocyte.

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From the uterine tubes,
or the fallopian tubes,

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we can head down to the uterus.

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The uterus is going to be a hollow organ.

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The walls are primarily
filled with smooth muscle.

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And the purpose of the uterus
is really to help house,

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develop, and be a place
for the egg to grow.

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This only occurs if the egg was fertilized

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back up in the uterine tubes.

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Now inside the uterus,

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we're going to have three layers.

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The most internal layer
is called endometrium.

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The endometrium, or the inside,

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is where that fertilized egg can implant.

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It's going to be a place where the egg

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can be protected, where it can grow,

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where it can be nurtured.

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But if there is not implantation,

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that means there was no fertilization

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then part of this endometrium

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was removed during the menstrual flow.

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The middle layer is the myometrium.

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Now this middle layer is all muscle,

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tons and tons of smooth muscle.

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It can expand during pregnancy,

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but this is what really
constricts during labor.

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This is what helps to force
that developing fetus,

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or that infant, out at birth.

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Now the third layer is the external layer,

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just pretty much some connective tissue

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so we're gonna skip over that one.

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Now we have the cervix.

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The cervix isn't really a layer,

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it's more of a region, or an area.

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The cervix is going to be the opening

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at the end of the uterus.

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It's the opening that allows the sperm

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to enter into the uterus

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and eventually up to the uterine tubes.

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But it's also the same opening

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that the fetus will exit
out of during birth.

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So we have the cervix, the end
or opening end of the uterus.

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Once we pass the cervix
and leave the uterus,

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the next structure is going to be vagina.

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Now the vagina is the birth canal.

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It's where that developing fetus

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will pass through on the
way out of the female body.

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But the vagina is also the
organ for sexual intercourse.

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It's the entryway of how the sperm enter

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into the female system.

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And the very outside surface
is the eternal genitalia.

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You have the labia
majora and labia minora.

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These are the folds of skin

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that will actually cover and
close up the vaginal canal.

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The clitoris is the small, sensitive organ

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located just anterior, just in front

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of the opening to the vagina.

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The purpose of the clitoris

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is for stimulation during
sexual intercourse.

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So here we have a lateral view.

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We're looking from the outside
edges towards the center

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of a cut through cross section.

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What you can see is you
have the vertebral column,

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you have the pubic bone,

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both parts of the skeletal system.

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Urinary bladder, urethra

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parts of the urinary there.

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Rectum and anus, parts of the digestive.

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We'll start with the ovary

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going into the fimbriae, also fingerlings.

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The ovary is where all
those undeveloped oocytes,

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or eggs are being housed.

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It's where typically a monthly
cycle, one, two, or three,

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of the oocytes will be matured.

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Once ovulation occurs, you're
gonna see how the fimbreae,

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those little finger-like
structures that are

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going around the ovary, those
fimbriae are gonna help steer

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or guide that mature egg
into the uterine tube.

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So the fimbriae help to
guide it to the uterine tube.

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It then travels on down to the uterus,

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the uterus here is
shown as several layers.

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Again, we have that endometrium,

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which gives that nice
location for the egg,

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or oocyte to implant,
but only if fertilized,

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and tons and tons of smooth muscle.

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The cervix is the opening
that leads out of the uterus.

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And then we have the vaginal canal,

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leading out of the female's body.

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External structures, you
can see the clitoris,

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labium minora and labium majora.

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Now labium minora and majora
are the two folds of skin.

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You're only seeing one on each side here,

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because the other side of the body

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is removed from this view.

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There would be a labia majora

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and labia minora on both sides.

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The clitoris you'll see is
right towards the front,

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or the anterior section there.

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It's in front of the urethral opening,

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as well as in front of
the vaginal opening.

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Here we have an anterior view

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of a female reproductive system.

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You know it's the fimbriae, those little

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finger-like projections that
are going around the ovary.

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But what's interesting is those fimbriae,

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or those little finger-like projections,

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they actually don't touch the ovary.

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What they're doing is creating
an environment around it

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that helps act like a vacuum,

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helps to pull the ovulated
eggs up into the uterine tube.

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So we have the ovary, we
have the uterine tube.

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Which that leads down into the uterus.

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And we've already
mentioned the two layers,

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the endometrium and myometrium.

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Remember the endometrium is
meant to basically nourish,

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to protect a fertilized egg.

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While the myometrium, the muscle,

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that is meant to aid in
contraction during labor,

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helping with the childbirth process.

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Cervical canal, that is
the opening that leads into

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the vaginal canal, or you think of it as

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the exit out of the uterus.

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The cervix itself is gonna be right at

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the very end of the cervical canal.

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Typically the cervix is gonna
be filled on the inside,

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where that cervical canal is, with mucous,

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it helps protect the female body,

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prevent any bacteria or
anything from coming up

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into the female body.

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And then we have the vaginal canal,

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leading from the cervix to the
external parts of the body.

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Now here is an external view
of a female reproductive.

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What you notice is we
have the vaginal opening,

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and a little above that in this picture,

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which means more towards
the front or anterior,

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is the urethral opening.

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Even more anterior, or in
front of that, is the clitoris.

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Covering on both sides
is the labium minora,

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you can see both flaps of skin there,

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can actually cover and seal
up the vaginal opening,

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helping protect it.

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And then we have the labium majora,

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which are even larger folds of skin.

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It can help to close up and
seal up the vaginal opening,

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providing protection
from foreign particles,

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from bacteria, from viruses.

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If we move up into the mammary glands now.

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Technically mammary glands
are actually sweat glands.

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So the tissue inside of
a female's mammary glands

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is the same exact tissue as
any common old sweat glands.

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The difference is, though,
the mammary glands have been

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slightly modified, and this
modification in allowing

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production of milk instead
of the production of sweat.

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So they're basically specialized

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for lactation, production of milk.

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But there are two main hormones

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that are going to control lactation.

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You have prolactin, which is
helping with milk production,

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and you have oxytocin, that's
what's helping to stimulate

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the contractions that
actually inject the milk,

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forcing the milk out
of the mammary tissue.

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So prolactin and oxytocin.

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And both are gonna be
stimulated, or helped out,

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by the suckling action of an infant.

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So here we have both an
anterior, or front view,

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and a lateral, or side
view, of the mammary tissue.

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You can see how the skin
has been cut away to reveal

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the muscle, the fat, and all
the mammary tissue below it.

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Go a lot deeper, you can
notice that behind the

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mammary tissue is where the
ribs and your lungs are found.

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So we have all these,
in this particular view,

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brown spheres, now
brown was just the color

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the artist picked, it's
not the real color,

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but the spheres are
(speaking indistinctly).

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Those are gonna be the
milk-producing lobules.

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They produce all these little
spheres inside the breast,

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inside the mammary tissue.

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The milk is then carried through ducts,

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which are leading out to the nipple.

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So you have production
inside these lobules,

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these round structures,
which then secrete the milk

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into the ducts, which
transport to the nipple

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for the infant to feed on.