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- [Instructor] For this chapter on the

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human reproductive system,

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we're looking--

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Starting off with the
male reproductive system.

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Now the testes will be the main organ

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of the male reproductive system.

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The testes, their main goal?

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Producing sperm.

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They're located outside the body though,

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they're located in the scrotum,

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which is a sac of skin.

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This skin, by being outside the body,

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allows for lower temperature.

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Now this lower temperature is important

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because lower temperature helps

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to produce sperm more efficiently.

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But the scrotum itself
can be either elevated

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or depressed depending on the temperature.

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There are smooth muscles
just below the skin

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that can either help to
bring the testes and scrotum

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a little closer to the body

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or help to move it away from the body.

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So this means the scrotum and testes

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have self-regulation of temperature.

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Now inside the testes,

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are tons and tons and
tons of tiny little ducts

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called seminiferous tubules.

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These seminiferous tubules are
where the sperm are produced.

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As you go from the testes,

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you leave out into the epididymis

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and then through the ductus deferens.

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Now the ductus deferens also
known as the vas deferens,

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is what carries the sperm from the testes

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up into the male body.

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The ductus deferens, as
it transports around,

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it eventually transports it
down to the actual penis,

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which is where the ejaculatory duct is.

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So we start with production
in the seminiferous tubules,

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that's where sperm are produced.

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They are then transported
to the epididymis,

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they're stored here and the epididymis

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helps to get them ready and motile.

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They go through the ductus deferens,

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which could be also
called the vas deferens,

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this is the single tube on each side,

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that carries the sperm from the epididmyis

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up into the body and
down towards the penis.

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It then leaves through the
ejaculatory duct into the penis.

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There are also several other glands

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that are accessory glands.

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Now these accessory glands

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will never actually contain sperm,

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the sperm do not pass through them.

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Their only job is to help make sure

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the sperm stay alive and
help them exit the body.

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The first one up is the seminal vesicles.

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Now these seminal vesicles are

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where most of the seminal
fluid is produced.

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One of the major important
parts is going to be fructose.

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Fructose is a simple sugar.

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It's a simple sugar that will
provide energy to the sperm

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as they travel.

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The prostate gland.

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Now the prostate gland can actually

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have the sperm traveling
through it in a duct,

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but the majority of the gland

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has nothing to do with the
actual traveling of sperm.

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Instead, what it helps to do,

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is secrete this alkaline fluid.

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Well this alkaline fluid is meant

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to raise the pH in the vaginal canal.

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It's helping to take that acidic nature

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in the vaginal canal and
raise it towards neutral.

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Trying to protect and
keep the sperm alive.

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You have the bulbourethral gland.

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The bulbourethral gland is secreting this

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kind of thick mucus.

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The mucus is going to be secreted

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before the actual seminal fluid.

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The purpose of this lubricating mucus

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is to help clean out the urethra.

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Because the urethra in males

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is used for urine and for seminal fluid.

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That means you have the waste
product with the gametes.

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So by using the bulbourethral gland,

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it helps to clear out any
of the remnants of the waste

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that was part of urine.

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So the sperm that's traveling through

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are not coming into constant contact

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with waste products
that were in the urine.

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So the bulbourethral gland,

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clearing out and cleaning the urethra,

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and also helping to
provide some lubrication

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for the gland's penis,
or the head of the penis.

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Here we have some diagrams

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illustrating the male reproductive system.

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The left-hand view, the
one that's letter a there,

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you can see is a lateral view,

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you're looking from the side,

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as if the body was cut in half.

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On the right, letter b,

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that's going to be a posterior view.

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Looking from the backside
or the posterior side,

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toward the male reproductive.

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So what you see already,
just kind of orientate,

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we have the urinary bladder and ureter,

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parts of the urinary system.

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We have the rectum and anus,

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part of the digestive.

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We have the vertebral
column and pubic symphysis,

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part of the skeletal system.

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So all these things are around

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and intertwined with the reproductive.

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We'll start with the testes.

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The testes is the sight
of sperm production.

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They're held outside the body.

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The epididymis is where the sperm

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can be stored for a period, held in place.

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The epididymis is going
to be kind of a cap,

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or covering over part of the testes.

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Now we've said the testes are external,

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they're held in place by the scrotum.

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We then can travel up into the body,

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on the ductus deferens, or
know as the vas deferens.

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This is what will allow the sperm

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to be transported into the body cavity.

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It's then traveling around
to the seminal vesicles.

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The seminal vesicles will
add fluid into the sperm.

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Helping create that seminal fluid.

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We can then travel down
into the ejaculatory duct,

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which leads through the prostate gland.

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Part of the prostate gland also

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helps to add secretions
into seminal fluid.

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We're then down into
the bulbourethral gland.

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Now the bulbourethral
gland, if you remember,

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was meant to secrete a mucus.

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This mucus is meant to clean
and clear out the urethra

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before the sperm pass through.

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You then enter the urethra.

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The urethra goes all the way

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to the external part of the penis.

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So it's the last structure
before it leaves the body.

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The penis itself pretty much,

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as you can see here,

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is this bluish and purplish coloration.

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It's not just external.

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You can see on the lateral side,

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which is the left-hand view here,

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that it also goes into the body,

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to kind of form an anchoring point.

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All the blue itself is
referred to as erectile tissue.

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The way the erectile tissue works is

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blood will actually flow
into the erectile tissue

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and fill up an open or a cavernous space,

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where the blood will
not be allowed to leave.

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So the blood will keep pumping
in without going anywhere

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causing the erectile tissue to fill up.