- [Instructor] Now that we finished going through
the normality of the GI tract,
how about some problems that we can run into?
One is lactose intolerance.
In this case, the individual has
difficulty digesting the milk sugar.
What's happening is,
they just don't have enough, or any, of lactase,
an enzyme that breaks down lactose.
Peptic ulcers, well these ulcers,
which are one of our common types
are caused by a bacterial infection.
These bacterias, H. pylori or Helicobacter pylori,
the bacteria actually ends up
disrupting the wall of membrane,
and therefore causing this ulcer.
Celiac disease, basically is a gluten intolerance.
Think of gluten as wheat.
So any wheat products or any gluten products
cannot be ingested.
Diverticulosis, in diverticulosis,
you have a weakness in the wall of the small intestines.
Now the small intestines typically have
these in and out pouches,
but in diverticulosis,
you're going to have a weak spot that actually
bulges out and can almost blow up like a balloon.
Well, it blown up like a balloon,
you can get particles trapped in there.
Now, it's a warm environment in your body.
It's moist, it's in the intestines.
It's dark. Yeah, that means it's perfect for bacteria.
So diverticulosis can cause a problem
because it potentially could allow
for bacteria to grow and fester.
Colon polyps. Well, polyps are a growth.
But in colon polyps, these are typically
non-cancerous growths on mucosa.
So, on the internal lining.
So what ends up happening here now is,
these growths coming from the wall,
protruding into the colon, colon polyps.
Hepatitis. In general, hepatitis is
an inflammation of the liver.
Your liver does a ton of things for you
from filter your blood, to detoxification
to making bile, to you name it.
But, when you start having inflammation in the liver,
it can now start to impact the functionality of the liver.
There are three common types of Hepatitis.
There is Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C.
Hepatitis A is usually transmitted via food or water.
So the virus can travel in a food source or water source.
Hepatitis B a lot of times is transmitted via body fluids,
blood being the most common.
Hepatitis C is only transmitted through infected blood.
So, B and C can both be transmitted in blood,
but B can also be transmitted via body fluids.
Gallstones, not the most pleasant in the world.
Your gallbladder can actually form crystals inside,
because what's inside the gallbladder is going to be bile.
Bile is going to be a salt-based liquid,
so there's all these crystals in it.
The purpose of the gallbladder is to remove the water
and concentrate the bile.
Well, if there's obstruction in the gallbladder,
and the bile can not be secreted,
the gallbladder will just keep
removing and removing and removing more water,
which means you're concentrating it more and more,
eventually, potentially making these crystals.
Once the crystals are formed,
there really is no easy way to get them out of there.
Malnutrition, you might not think of this as a disorder,
but if someone has too many or too few nutrients,
they're considered having a problem with malnutrition.
About 13% of the world's
entire population is undernourished.
Don't remember it as a number, please,
that number keeps changing, but understand
there's a decent amount that's undernourished.
So, what is undernourished?
Just simply not enough nutrients.
Maybe not enough access to complete proteins
which they can't get all 20 amino acids.
Maybe the fact of not being able to get
a lipisor that is unsaturated.
Obesity is the other side of the problems here.
In obesity, look at the different maps of the US.
1990 is the left in yellow-ish,
1998s the middle, 2006 the right.
Back in 1990, obesity rates in the US
were for the most part, 14% and below.
A large amount of the US, though, was 10 to 14%,
with some areas being 10% or less.
Then, look just eight years later.
Now, we're looking at the vast majority
is in that 15 to 19% obesity,
with some pushing at 20-24%.
Fast forward another eight years to 2006,
now the vast majority is in the 20 to 24 range,
if not even pushing the majority
into the 25 to 29 range.
You can see two states there have obesity rates over 30%.
Now, think on this, one in three people is obese.
That is definitely not a trend
we should be having in the US,
or for that matter, anywhere in the world.
The problem now is,
obesity also causes major health problems.
So, more obesity, more health problems,
more issues with your body as a whole.
So, it's a trend that's been going
the wrong direction lately.
So, how do we reverse that?
Pay attention to what you eat.
Read the labels.
Know what you're putting in your bodies.
And then we have some eating disorders.
Anorexia nervosa and bulimia.
In the case of anorexia nervosa,
there is excessive dieting.
And when I say excessive,
it can be taken to the point where
a person might think that a half a banana
is enough food for an entire day.
Bulimia, they still eat.
They eat tons and tons of food.
But immediately, they purge their system.
By immediately purging after eating,
even though you enjoy the taste and eat everything down.
The body can not gain nutrients into the system.
The nutrients are not absorbed
until the food reaches the small intestines.
That means if you purge after eating, the food's gone.
It's come back out of the system
and the nutrients are no longer there.
So, obviously these eating disorders can be
quite dangerous and quite problematic.