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- [Instructor] Now that
we finished going through

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the normality of the GI tract,

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how about some problems
that we can run into?

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One is lactose intolerance.

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In this case, the individual has

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difficulty digesting the milk sugar.

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What's happening is,

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they just don't have
enough, or any, of lactase,

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an enzyme that breaks down lactose.

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Peptic ulcers, well these ulcers,

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which are one of our common types

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are caused by a bacterial infection.

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These bacterias, H. pylori
or Helicobacter pylori,

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the bacteria actually ends up

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disrupting the wall of membrane,

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and therefore causing this ulcer.

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Celiac disease, basically
is a gluten intolerance.

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Think of gluten as wheat.

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So any wheat products
or any gluten products

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cannot be ingested.

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Diverticulosis, in diverticulosis,

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you have a weakness in the
wall of the small intestines.

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Now the small intestines typically have

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these in and out pouches,

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but in diverticulosis,

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you're going to have a
weak spot that actually

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bulges out and can almost
blow up like a balloon.

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Well, it blown up like a balloon,

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you can get particles trapped in there.

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Now, it's a warm environment in your body.

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It's moist, it's in the intestines.

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It's dark. Yeah, that means
it's perfect for bacteria.

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So diverticulosis can cause a problem

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because it potentially could allow

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for bacteria to grow and fester.

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Colon polyps. Well, polyps are a growth.

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But in colon polyps, these are typically

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non-cancerous growths on mucosa.

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So, on the internal lining.

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So what ends up happening here now is,

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these growths coming from the wall,

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protruding into the colon, colon polyps.

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Hepatitis. In general, hepatitis is

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an inflammation of the liver.

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Your liver does a ton of things for you

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from filter your blood, to detoxification

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to making bile, to you name it.

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But, when you start having
inflammation in the liver,

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it can now start to impact the
functionality of the liver.

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There are three common types of Hepatitis.

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There is Hepatitis A,
Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C.

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Hepatitis A is usually
transmitted via food or water.

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So the virus can travel in a
food source or water source.

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Hepatitis B a lot of times is
transmitted via body fluids,

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blood being the most common.

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Hepatitis C is only transmitted
through infected blood.

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So, B and C can both be
transmitted in blood,

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but B can also be
transmitted via body fluids.

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Gallstones, not the most
pleasant in the world.

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Your gallbladder can actually
form crystals inside,

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because what's inside the
gallbladder is going to be bile.

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Bile is going to be a salt-based liquid,

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so there's all these crystals in it.

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The purpose of the gallbladder
is to remove the water

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and concentrate the bile.

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Well, if there's obstruction
in the gallbladder,

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and the bile can not be secreted,

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the gallbladder will just keep

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removing and removing
and removing more water,

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which means you're
concentrating it more and more,

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eventually, potentially
making these crystals.

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Once the crystals are formed,

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there really is no easy way
to get them out of there.

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Malnutrition, you might not
think of this as a disorder,

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but if someone has too
many or too few nutrients,

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they're considered having a
problem with malnutrition.

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About 13% of the world's

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entire population is undernourished.

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Don't remember it as a number, please,

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that number keeps changing, but understand

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there's a decent amount
that's undernourished.

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So, what is undernourished?

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Just simply not enough nutrients.

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Maybe not enough access
to complete proteins

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which they can't get all 20 amino acids.

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Maybe the fact of not being able to get

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a lipisor that is unsaturated.

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Obesity is the other side
of the problems here.

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In obesity, look at the
different maps of the US.

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1990 is the left in yellow-ish,

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1998s the middle, 2006 the right.

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Back in 1990, obesity rates in the US

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were for the most part, 14% and below.

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A large amount of the US,
though, was 10 to 14%,

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with some areas being 10% or less.

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Then, look just eight years later.

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Now, we're looking at the vast majority

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is in that 15 to 19% obesity,

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with some pushing at 20-24%.

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Fast forward another eight years to 2006,

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now the vast majority is
in the 20 to 24 range,

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if not even pushing the majority

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into the 25 to 29 range.

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You can see two states there
have obesity rates over 30%.

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Now, think on this, one
in three people is obese.

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That is definitely not a trend

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we should be having in the US,

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or for that matter, anywhere in the world.

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The problem now is,

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obesity also causes major health problems.

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So, more obesity, more health problems,

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more issues with your body as a whole.

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So, it's a trend that's been going

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the wrong direction lately.

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So, how do we reverse that?

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Pay attention to what you eat.

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Read the labels.

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Know what you're putting in your bodies.

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And then we have some eating disorders.

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Anorexia nervosa and bulimia.

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In the case of anorexia nervosa,

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there is excessive dieting.

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And when I say excessive,

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it can be taken to the point where

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a person might think that a half a banana

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is enough food for an entire day.

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Bulimia, they still eat.

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They eat tons and tons of food.

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But immediately, they purge their system.

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By immediately purging after eating,

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even though you enjoy the
taste and eat everything down.

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The body can not gain
nutrients into the system.

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The nutrients are not absorbed

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until the food reaches
the small intestines.

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That means if you purge after
eating, the food's gone.

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It's come back out of the system

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and the nutrients are no longer there.

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So, obviously these
eating disorders can be

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quite dangerous and quite problematic.