1
00:00:01,619 --> 00:00:04,647
- [Narrator] Now once you're
infected with any pathogen,

2
00:00:04,647 --> 00:00:07,188
your body's gonna create a memory.

3
00:00:07,188 --> 00:00:10,261
Now this memory is going
to help with any subsequent

4
00:00:10,261 --> 00:00:13,702
infection but doesn't help the first time.

5
00:00:13,702 --> 00:00:16,854
So your first or primary immune response,

6
00:00:16,854 --> 00:00:20,699
the first time you see
a particular antigen,

7
00:00:20,699 --> 00:00:22,297
that means the first
time you see a particular

8
00:00:22,297 --> 00:00:26,465
strain of a virus or particular bacteria,

9
00:00:26,465 --> 00:00:30,440
you have this lag time, this
three to six day lag time.

10
00:00:30,440 --> 00:00:32,899
In those three to six days, your body is

11
00:00:32,899 --> 00:00:36,217
just getting ready to make antibodies.

12
00:00:36,217 --> 00:00:39,579
So it takes some time to
get ready to fight this off.

13
00:00:39,579 --> 00:00:41,506
A lot of times about
ten to twelve days in,

14
00:00:41,506 --> 00:00:44,498
is when you peak for your immune response.

15
00:00:44,498 --> 00:00:48,351
It's almost a week and a half
until peak immune response.

16
00:00:48,351 --> 00:00:50,521
Now, if you think about it, usually most

17
00:00:50,521 --> 00:00:54,449
people get sick, it's a week
or less, maybe a couple days.

18
00:00:54,449 --> 00:00:59,280
Questions why, you've already
built up your immune system.

19
00:00:59,280 --> 00:01:01,285
If you ever end up getting
sick with a kind of

20
00:01:01,285 --> 00:01:04,643
unique bug, it's gonna take some time.

21
00:01:04,643 --> 00:01:06,363
But because of all those little colds

22
00:01:06,363 --> 00:01:07,196
and everything else you had when you were

23
00:01:07,196 --> 00:01:11,031
a little child, this becomes much lower.

24
00:01:11,031 --> 00:01:11,864
Because you already went through

25
00:01:11,864 --> 00:01:13,858
the Primary immune response.

26
00:01:13,858 --> 00:01:15,046
A lot of things we're on now are

27
00:01:15,046 --> 00:01:17,546
our Secondary immune response.

28
00:01:18,898 --> 00:01:21,545
Or at least a close variation
of it, maybe it's not

29
00:01:21,545 --> 00:01:23,798
the exact perfect but your body has a

30
00:01:23,798 --> 00:01:26,627
better idea of how to fight it off.

31
00:01:26,627 --> 00:01:29,413
So lag time to make
antibodies, a couple hours.

32
00:01:29,413 --> 00:01:31,012
Once you see it, your body's producing

33
00:01:31,012 --> 00:01:33,470
and making these antibodies.

34
00:01:33,470 --> 00:01:35,140
Couple days out, two, three days

35
00:01:35,140 --> 00:01:37,762
out, you've got peak response.

36
00:01:37,762 --> 00:01:39,931
That's why you can bounce back so quickly

37
00:01:39,931 --> 00:01:42,510
from so many different infections.

38
00:01:42,510 --> 00:01:47,140
You're on your second
response not your first.

39
00:01:47,140 --> 00:01:50,833
So you can see this in
graph, first verses second.

40
00:01:50,833 --> 00:01:53,443
Not only is it faster, you can see about

41
00:01:53,443 --> 00:01:57,376
12 days in is the peak
for the first exposure.

42
00:01:57,376 --> 00:02:00,814
The second exposure
peaks, we're looking at,

43
00:02:00,814 --> 00:02:04,092
give or take about eight days, nine days.

44
00:02:04,092 --> 00:02:07,122
But by that point, you've
already kind of cured up.

45
00:02:07,122 --> 00:02:11,711
The difference is look how
many antibodies are produced.

46
00:02:11,711 --> 00:02:14,011
By the time you have enough
antibodies to fight off a

47
00:02:14,011 --> 00:02:18,433
typical infection, you're
within the first day or two.

48
00:02:18,433 --> 00:02:21,098
The peak is overkill usually, just making

49
00:02:21,098 --> 00:02:25,265
sure that everything's gone,
that nothing can infect you.

50
00:02:28,019 --> 00:02:31,459
So Immunization, how do these things work?

51
00:02:31,459 --> 00:02:33,877
When you get immunization,
some might be like

52
00:02:33,877 --> 00:02:37,606
an MR vaccine or any
other type of vaccine.

53
00:02:37,606 --> 00:02:41,416
The idea is, is try to cause your body to

54
00:02:41,416 --> 00:02:45,249
develop immunity for
that particular pathogen.

55
00:02:46,990 --> 00:02:49,450
It's a way of doing it
for active immunity.

56
00:02:49,450 --> 00:02:52,075
And this one is the vaccination way.

57
00:02:52,075 --> 00:02:56,992
You're intentionally exposed
to a form of that antigen.

58
00:02:56,992 --> 00:02:58,386
Now it might be a form of the

59
00:02:58,386 --> 00:03:01,386
antigen where it's a living antigen.

60
00:03:02,507 --> 00:03:04,268
That means that the virus or bacteria

61
00:03:04,268 --> 00:03:07,340
or whatever it is, it's
still alive but it's

62
00:03:07,340 --> 00:03:10,740
weakened, maybe it's partially dead.

63
00:03:10,740 --> 00:03:12,707
So therefore, it really
can't produce much of

64
00:03:12,707 --> 00:03:16,925
an infection for you, maybe
a little slight fever.

65
00:03:16,925 --> 00:03:20,451
It could be the fact that
just gives pure antigens.

66
00:03:20,451 --> 00:03:23,729
The rest of the
infection's not even there.

67
00:03:23,729 --> 00:03:25,122
So there's different ways of doing

68
00:03:25,122 --> 00:03:29,671
this active Immunization
through vaccination.

69
00:03:29,671 --> 00:03:33,153
The key is the antigen must be present.

70
00:03:33,153 --> 00:03:36,554
Your body develops a
response against the antigen,

71
00:03:36,554 --> 00:03:40,897
hopefully without getting
sick in the process.

72
00:03:40,897 --> 00:03:44,542
Then there's a Passive immunization.

73
00:03:44,542 --> 00:03:46,340
In this case, your giving protective

74
00:03:46,340 --> 00:03:49,248
antibodies to an individual.

75
00:03:49,248 --> 00:03:51,216
Hold on, how's that work?

76
00:03:51,216 --> 00:03:54,619
That works one way is for an infant.

77
00:03:54,619 --> 00:03:57,325
When an infant is breastfeeding, it can

78
00:03:57,325 --> 00:04:01,075
passively receive
antibodies from the mother.

79
00:04:02,198 --> 00:04:06,365
So there's active and
passive ways of Immunization.

80
00:04:09,325 --> 00:04:12,440
Antibiotics, well, they can help.

81
00:04:12,440 --> 00:04:13,273
But you gotta make sure you know

82
00:04:13,273 --> 00:04:15,563
what you're trying to kill off.

83
00:04:15,563 --> 00:04:20,112
Antibiotics can either
kill or inhibit bacteria.

84
00:04:20,112 --> 00:04:21,135
Antibiotics really can't do

85
00:04:21,135 --> 00:04:23,885
much of anything against viruses.

86
00:04:25,639 --> 00:04:27,810
So it's really important
to understand which

87
00:04:27,810 --> 00:04:31,977
antibiotic is gonna be useful
against which bacteria.

88
00:04:33,544 --> 00:04:36,987
Each antibiotic has a
special way of working.

89
00:04:36,987 --> 00:04:40,269
It'll try to find
something on the bacteria

90
00:04:40,269 --> 00:04:44,436
that is different or unique
from your own body cells.

91
00:04:45,636 --> 00:04:49,363
Because the antibiotic
can't know which is bacteria

92
00:04:49,363 --> 00:04:52,063
and which is normal
body, so what it does is,

93
00:04:52,063 --> 00:04:55,046
it simply looks for
something that's triggered

94
00:04:55,046 --> 00:04:57,954
that is only in the bacteria.

95
00:04:57,954 --> 00:05:00,615
Maybe there's a special antigen,

96
00:05:00,615 --> 00:05:02,786
maybe there's a special bond,

97
00:05:02,786 --> 00:05:04,957
maybe there's a special chemical,

98
00:05:04,957 --> 00:05:09,134
something that's unique for the bacteria.

99
00:05:09,134 --> 00:05:10,774
Because the Antibiotics will destroy

100
00:05:10,774 --> 00:05:13,441
whatever that unique feature is.

101
00:05:15,485 --> 00:05:18,065
Now, Antibiotics are not
effective against viruses.

102
00:05:18,065 --> 00:05:21,258
Straightforward, that's it, if you're ever

103
00:05:21,258 --> 00:05:25,557
prescribed an Antibiotic for
a virus, it won't do a thing.

104
00:05:25,557 --> 00:05:27,768
Because the Antibiotics
cannot function against

105
00:05:27,768 --> 00:05:31,768
a virus because a virus
works within your cells.

106
00:05:34,237 --> 00:05:35,998
So to kill off a virus, you'd be

107
00:05:35,998 --> 00:05:40,218
killing off your own
cells that have the virus.

108
00:05:40,218 --> 00:05:41,815
So there's really now way for that to work

109
00:05:41,815 --> 00:05:45,815
without causing massive
damage to your own body.

110
00:05:48,369 --> 00:05:50,172
Now all those are great ways of having the

111
00:05:50,172 --> 00:05:52,918
Immune System work properly.

112
00:05:52,918 --> 00:05:55,787
Unfortunately, sometimes
the Immune System doesn't

113
00:05:55,787 --> 00:05:59,144
respond the way you want it to.

114
00:05:59,144 --> 00:06:01,926
Allergies are a perfect example.

115
00:06:01,926 --> 00:06:06,554
I can't think of anyone that
I know that likes Allergies.

116
00:06:06,554 --> 00:06:09,380
In Allergies, you're hypersensitive

117
00:06:09,380 --> 00:06:11,547
to something in the environment.

118
00:06:11,547 --> 00:06:14,251
It could be pollen from a plant.

119
00:06:14,251 --> 00:06:16,258
It could be dander from a dog.

120
00:06:16,258 --> 00:06:20,477
It could be dust in the
house, whatever it is.

121
00:06:20,477 --> 00:06:22,360
But your body's responding in a

122
00:06:22,360 --> 00:06:24,777
way that isn't quite typical.

123
00:06:26,091 --> 00:06:30,636
So one of the most common
treatments is Antihistamines.

124
00:06:30,636 --> 00:06:34,938
Your body releases histamines
to cause the reaction,

125
00:06:34,938 --> 00:06:39,105
the allergy so you try to stop
the release of histamines.

126
00:06:40,922 --> 00:06:43,422
Now those are more mild ways.

127
00:06:43,422 --> 00:06:47,471
Epinephrine injection, that's an EpiPen.

128
00:06:47,471 --> 00:06:49,926
This is more of an extreme way.

129
00:06:49,926 --> 00:06:53,036
If someone's going into
anaphylactic shock,

130
00:06:53,036 --> 00:06:53,873
so they're going to
the point where they're

131
00:06:53,873 --> 00:06:55,305
not gonna be able to breathe which is

132
00:06:55,305 --> 00:06:59,889
obviously deadly, an
Epinephrine or adrenaline

133
00:06:59,889 --> 00:07:04,620
injection, which EpiPen,
can try and counteract

134
00:07:04,620 --> 00:07:08,756
or at least slow down
that anaphylactic shock.

135
00:07:08,756 --> 00:07:11,892
It won't be a cure so get
the person to treatment.

136
00:07:11,892 --> 00:07:14,474
But it's a way of trying to cut down.

137
00:07:14,474 --> 00:07:16,972
And then you have Allergy shots.

138
00:07:16,972 --> 00:07:19,672
Well, an Allergy shot is
a way that's a little more

139
00:07:19,672 --> 00:07:22,423
potent than an Antihistamine that'll

140
00:07:22,423 --> 00:07:25,864
hopefully last for a longer
period, protecting against

141
00:07:25,864 --> 00:07:29,447
a particular Allergy
for a longer duration.

142
00:07:32,132 --> 00:07:35,697
Well, those ones are
all ways of having the

143
00:07:35,697 --> 00:07:37,907
Immune System not work properly.

144
00:07:37,907 --> 00:07:40,080
But here's an Autoimmune, which means you

145
00:07:40,080 --> 00:07:42,497
don't need something from outside.

146
00:07:42,497 --> 00:07:46,664
This one, an Autoimmune, is
simply from within your body.

147
00:07:47,907 --> 00:07:50,284
Your Immune System can't
tell the difference

148
00:07:50,284 --> 00:07:53,701
between your own cells and foreign cells.

149
00:07:54,586 --> 00:07:59,138
It can't tell which are
the self from the nonself.

150
00:07:59,138 --> 00:08:02,045
So you have these cytotoxic T cells.

151
00:08:02,045 --> 00:08:05,445
You have these antibodies
called Autoantibodies.

152
00:08:05,445 --> 00:08:09,445
They'll actually target
your body's own tissues.

153
00:08:10,772 --> 00:08:13,189
It'll destroy your own cells.

154
00:08:15,815 --> 00:08:19,949
So Lupus is one example,
that inflammation of

155
00:08:19,949 --> 00:08:23,227
connective tissue, that
inflammation is because

156
00:08:23,227 --> 00:08:26,477
your body is destroying your own cells.

157
00:08:27,570 --> 00:08:30,640
Rheumatoid arthritis, in this case,

158
00:08:30,640 --> 00:08:33,795
your body is eating and destroying the

159
00:08:33,795 --> 00:08:38,507
actual synovial membranes, the
membrane around your joints.

160
00:08:38,507 --> 00:08:41,987
So in both these cases,
your own cells are causing

161
00:08:41,987 --> 00:08:45,881
the problem because they're
destroying your own tissue.