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- [Narrator] Now that we know

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where the white blood cells are made,

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in the red bone marrow of your bones.

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Might as well get into the
functionality of what they do.

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There are really two
primary, two main functions,

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that your white blood cells will perform.

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First off, protection from infection.

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Your body can become infected
in many different ways.

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It can become infected through bacteria.

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It can become infected through viruses.

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Or it can simply get other
types of pathogens in there.

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So the white blood cells are
meant to try and protect you

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from anything that might
enter into your system.

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But besides protecting you for infection,

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they also will help control
the inflammatory response.

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Your inflammatory response
is going to happen

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whenever you get a nick, cut, scratch,

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simply a bruise.

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Inflammation is your
body's way of initiating

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the healing process.

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So the white blood cells are going to help

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initiate this process by
controlling the amount

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of inflammation.

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The more severe the injury,

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the more inflammation there'll be.

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The less severe the injury,

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the less inflammation there'll be.

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We have too many types of
these white blood cells.

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They're referred to either
as granular or agranular.

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Well, the granular types, they're called

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neutrophil, eosinophil and basophil,

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these three will all
have little kind of specs

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or granules floating
around in their surplasm,

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that's the liquid in the cell.

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While the agranular, the
prefix a means without,

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so agranular or without granules,

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the lymphocytes and monocytes will no

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have any granules or specs
floating around in the surplasm.

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So in their cell fluid,
there's nothing floating around

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that looks like granules.

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So we have the two types,
granular and agranular,

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and we break down the five different types

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of white blood cells into those two types.

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Let's start with the neutrphils.

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The neutrophil is a granular leukocyte.

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That means it's a white blood cell

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that's going to have
granules inside the cell.

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It's the most common of
all white blood cells.

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The neutrophils, since
they are the most common,

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will be the first ones in the
scene to fight an infection.

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Their specialty, engulfing
bacteria, eating bacteria.

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Now, can they help out with other things?

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Sure.

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But they're really really specialized

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to destroy incoming bacteria.

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Your neutrophils.

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Eosinophils.

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Well, eosinophils are defending
against larger parasites.

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They're specifically targeting

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worms.

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You're thinking worms, ew.

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Well, no, unfortunately sometimes
there are parasitic worms

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that will try to
infiltrate into your body.

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So these eosinophils are
meant to detect any worms

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that have penetrated into your body

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and destroy these worms or
any other large parasite.

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But the eosinophils have
a secondary function also.

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They can help to lessen
your allergic response.

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They will not get rid of it completely

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but they can definitely lessen it

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so it's not quite as problematic.

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Then we have the basophils.

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The basophils are the rarest
of your white blood cells.

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So, WBC, white blood cell.

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They are very rare as
far as behind the blood.

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Now, everyone has them,

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at least you're supposed to have them.

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Some people might have less than others.

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But they contain histamine
in their granules.

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And these basophils
have a lot of granules.

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Histamine, every heard that before?

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Maybe heard anti-histamine. Allergies.

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Well your allergies, usually
trying to block the histamine.

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Block inflammation or swelling.

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Basophils contain histamine,

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which means they actually
cause inflammation.

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So our neutrophils,
eosinophils, basophils,

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the three types of granular leukocytes.

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Which leaves us with our last two.

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The agranular leukocytes.

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So first off, the monocyte.

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Monocytes are unique

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because they can actually leave the blood.

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That's not a typo.

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This are blood cells
that can leave the blood.

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When they leave the blood they
transform into macrophages.

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Now, macrophages are kind specialized.

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You can think of them as eating machines.

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They're going to eat any microorganisms,

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bacteria, viruses, other larger parasites.

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They're gonna eat any
fragments, any particles.

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Maybe old broken down cells.

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So these monocytes are in the blood

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but can leave the blood,
become macrophages

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and continue eating and
digesting whoever is around.

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And the last of leukocytes,

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the lymphocyte.

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Lymphocytes are, again,
part of the immune system

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but they play a pretty large roll

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because there's two different
types of lymphocyte.

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You have your B lymphocytes
and you have your T lymphocyte.

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Now, the T lymphocytes
that's more traditionally

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what you heard of.

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Because T lymphocytes
coordinate the immune response.

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They're going to help
direct what cells go where.

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They're going to help
direct when to basically

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move forward or hold.

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They are pretty much playing
the coordinators of the entire

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battle between your body
and foreign pathogens.

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While the B lymphocytes, they
kind of take more a back seat.

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They won't necessary go
out and fight pathogens.

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Instead, these B lymphocytes
will end up making a cell

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called a plasma cell.

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The plasma cell makes your antibodies.

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That means the B lymphocytes eventually

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end up becoming antibodies,

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or lead to the making of antibodies.

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What do antibodies do?

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Antibodies are your
body's way of detecting

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foreign particles.

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Cause pretty much every cell in your body

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has this marker on its surface,

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kind of like a fingerprint.

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It's meant to identify
the cell as your own,

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part of your body.

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That means anything that
is not part of your body,

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so hence an invader, or any
other form, microorganism,

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will not have that marker.

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The antibodies detect that,

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can tag that cell for destruction.

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So antibodies are your body's way of

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figuring out what shouldn't be there,

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and they tag it and allow destruction.

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So we have the lymphocytes,
a type of leukocyte.

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Monocytes, a type of leukocyte.

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So, again, leukocytes, those
are the white blood cells.

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One type is a monocytes,
another type is a lymphocytes.