1 00:00:01,353 --> 00:00:03,588 - [Voiceover] The central nervous system really is only 2 00:00:03,588 --> 00:00:05,102 made up of two things: 3 00:00:05,102 --> 00:00:07,103 The brain and spinal cord. 4 00:00:07,103 --> 00:00:09,297 Now obviously the brain and spinal cord 5 00:00:09,297 --> 00:00:12,060 are very important for the body. 6 00:00:12,060 --> 00:00:15,560 So you have several different ways of protecting it. 7 00:00:15,560 --> 00:00:19,815 You have a bony protection around the brain, your skull. 8 00:00:19,815 --> 00:00:22,852 You have a bony protection around the spinal cord, 9 00:00:22,852 --> 00:00:24,102 your vertebrae. 10 00:00:25,179 --> 00:00:27,710 But you also have these meninges. 11 00:00:27,710 --> 00:00:31,877 These are membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. 12 00:00:33,082 --> 00:00:37,065 They're called the dura mater, arachno mater and pia mater. 13 00:00:37,065 --> 00:00:40,681 They're meant to give extra protection, extra nutrients 14 00:00:40,681 --> 00:00:43,343 to the brain and spinal cord. 15 00:00:43,343 --> 00:00:46,926 Pretty much ensuring that it stays healthy. 16 00:00:48,219 --> 00:00:52,111 But then we also have this cerebrospinal fluid. 17 00:00:52,111 --> 00:00:56,285 The cerebrospinal fluid is to be found around the brain 18 00:00:56,285 --> 00:01:00,452 and spinal cord as well as within the brain and spinal cord. 19 00:01:01,579 --> 00:01:05,367 It acts like this shock absorber in your head. 20 00:01:05,367 --> 00:01:08,203 That's why if your head also moves forward, 21 00:01:08,203 --> 00:01:10,316 you don't get a huge headache right away, 22 00:01:10,316 --> 00:01:11,828 because your brain didn't bounce off 23 00:01:11,828 --> 00:01:13,648 the front of your skull. 24 00:01:13,648 --> 00:01:17,081 But in certain cases, maybe in a car accident, 25 00:01:17,081 --> 00:01:19,730 also when your head really smashes forward quickly, 26 00:01:19,730 --> 00:01:21,732 or a roller coaster and your head all of a sudden 27 00:01:21,732 --> 00:01:23,229 snaps to one side, 28 00:01:23,229 --> 00:01:27,110 the brain can actually bounce off of the bone. 29 00:01:27,110 --> 00:01:29,944 Sometimes it might give a little feeling of disorientation 30 00:01:29,944 --> 00:01:31,652 or a headache. 31 00:01:31,652 --> 00:01:34,871 And all of the cerebrospinal fluid is meant to protect 32 00:01:34,871 --> 00:01:38,538 by cushioning, but also providing nutrients. 33 00:01:39,941 --> 00:01:43,518 And all that fluid is made right within the brain 34 00:01:43,518 --> 00:01:46,768 in these open spaces called ventricles. 35 00:01:48,717 --> 00:01:51,447 We have this blood-brain barrier. 36 00:01:51,447 --> 00:01:53,823 Now the blood-brain barrier is actually 37 00:01:53,823 --> 00:01:56,323 a network of blood vessels. 38 00:01:56,323 --> 00:01:58,834 Capillaries, to be precise. 39 00:01:58,834 --> 00:02:02,715 These capillaries are trying to prevent chemicals 40 00:02:02,715 --> 00:02:06,140 and pathogens and basically items that we don't want 41 00:02:06,140 --> 00:02:09,473 in our body from getting into the brain. 42 00:02:11,278 --> 00:02:12,989 So here we have a picture of the brain 43 00:02:12,989 --> 00:02:16,025 and a truncated view of the spinal cord. 44 00:02:16,025 --> 00:02:17,224 So you're looking at, 45 00:02:17,224 --> 00:02:21,597 can see all the hair, the scalp, sure it's still protection. 46 00:02:21,597 --> 00:02:24,067 Helps keep the sun, helps keep the elements 47 00:02:24,067 --> 00:02:25,484 out of the brain. 48 00:02:26,647 --> 00:02:28,151 We have the skull. 49 00:02:28,151 --> 00:02:31,219 Nice, solid, bony encasement. 50 00:02:31,219 --> 00:02:34,783 We have meninges, dura, arachnoid, pia mater, 51 00:02:34,783 --> 00:02:37,857 all forming different layers around 52 00:02:37,857 --> 00:02:40,358 the central nervous system. 53 00:02:40,358 --> 00:02:42,717 When you get through that, the very bottom 54 00:02:42,717 --> 00:02:44,901 is where we hit the brain tissue. 55 00:02:44,901 --> 00:02:48,436 Now all the blue coloration you're seeing here, 56 00:02:48,436 --> 00:02:52,350 that's where the cerebrospinal fluid is located. 57 00:02:52,350 --> 00:02:55,749 You can see how it encases the entire outside of the brain. 58 00:02:55,749 --> 00:02:58,057 The entire outside of the spinal cord. 59 00:02:58,057 --> 00:03:00,307 But it's also found within. 60 00:03:01,594 --> 00:03:04,594 So that is your cerebrospinal fluid. 61 00:03:06,621 --> 00:03:10,132 Now as far as the cerebrospinal fluid production. 62 00:03:10,132 --> 00:03:13,453 They're produced in the ventricles. 63 00:03:13,453 --> 00:03:16,450 You can see in the bottom left you have this anterior view 64 00:03:16,450 --> 00:03:18,665 or view from the front of the brain. 65 00:03:18,665 --> 00:03:22,373 You have a right and left ventricle. 66 00:03:22,373 --> 00:03:24,496 But you also have a third ventricle, which is right 67 00:03:24,496 --> 00:03:26,264 in the dead-center of your brain. 68 00:03:26,264 --> 00:03:29,009 And a fourth ventricle, which is a little further down 69 00:03:29,009 --> 00:03:31,020 towards the spinal cord. 70 00:03:31,020 --> 00:03:35,187 All four of these ventricles are fluid-filled spaces. 71 00:03:36,597 --> 00:03:40,723 So the fluid is your cerebrospinal fluid. 72 00:03:40,723 --> 00:03:44,140 It's being produced in these open spaces. 73 00:03:47,209 --> 00:03:50,932 The spinal cord really is an extension of the brain. 74 00:03:50,932 --> 00:03:53,585 It's a way of getting information out of the brain, 75 00:03:53,585 --> 00:03:57,372 but also a way of getting information back into the brain. 76 00:03:57,372 --> 00:04:00,524 Pretty much functions like a superhighway. 77 00:04:00,524 --> 00:04:03,908 It conducts some of the fastest speeds for action potentials 78 00:04:03,908 --> 00:04:05,652 there are in the body. 79 00:04:05,652 --> 00:04:10,398 The signals can fly up and down the spinal cord. 80 00:04:10,398 --> 00:04:12,844 It's made up of two different types of matter. 81 00:04:12,844 --> 00:04:15,090 A white matter and a grey matter. 82 00:04:15,090 --> 00:04:18,768 Now the white matter is the outer portion 83 00:04:18,768 --> 00:04:20,184 of the spinal cord. 84 00:04:20,184 --> 00:04:22,955 It's where you have all the myelination. 85 00:04:22,955 --> 00:04:25,895 It's where you have all that insulation. 86 00:04:25,895 --> 00:04:30,740 You're gonna have both your sensory and motor tracts here. 87 00:04:30,740 --> 00:04:32,995 So this is how the information goes up 88 00:04:32,995 --> 00:04:35,078 and down the spinal cord. 89 00:04:36,855 --> 00:04:39,173 The grey matter, well that's more at the center 90 00:04:39,173 --> 00:04:40,845 of the spinal cord. 91 00:04:40,845 --> 00:04:44,083 In this location, it's not really relaying information 92 00:04:44,083 --> 00:04:46,208 up and down the spinal cord. 93 00:04:46,208 --> 00:04:49,782 It's how the information gets into the spinal cord 94 00:04:49,782 --> 00:04:51,825 and how it leaves the spinal cord. 95 00:04:51,825 --> 00:04:56,177 You have all these cell bodies and neurons and dendrites. 96 00:04:56,177 --> 00:04:59,395 Are all coming into the grey matter 97 00:04:59,395 --> 00:05:02,878 from throughout the body and then leaving the grey matter 98 00:05:02,878 --> 00:05:04,378 to go to the body. 99 00:05:05,713 --> 00:05:08,680 So white matter going up and down the spinal cord. 100 00:05:08,680 --> 00:05:12,772 Grey matter allows information into 101 00:05:12,772 --> 00:05:15,022 and out of the spinal cord. 102 00:05:16,753 --> 00:05:20,352 So here we have a view of the spinal cord. 103 00:05:20,352 --> 00:05:22,120 You can notice, if you look in the middle 104 00:05:22,120 --> 00:05:24,212 at that picture b here. 105 00:05:24,212 --> 00:05:26,985 You can see how the vertebra actually encases 106 00:05:26,985 --> 00:05:28,051 the spinal cord. 107 00:05:28,051 --> 00:05:32,583 It forms a bony protection all the way around it. 108 00:05:32,583 --> 00:05:35,761 While taking the majority of the weight on the 109 00:05:35,761 --> 00:05:40,008 actual body, that main chunk of the vertebra. 110 00:05:40,008 --> 00:05:43,059 If you go up to the top right, you can see there's a cut. 111 00:05:43,059 --> 00:05:45,131 A transverse slice. 112 00:05:45,131 --> 00:05:47,649 Imagine that someone took the spinal cord running from 113 00:05:47,649 --> 00:05:52,028 your neck down towards your torso and cut right through it, 114 00:05:52,028 --> 00:05:54,090 creating a top and bottom half. 115 00:05:54,090 --> 00:05:56,355 This is what it looks like. 116 00:05:56,355 --> 00:05:59,435 You can see the white matter around the outside 117 00:05:59,435 --> 00:06:02,880 and the grey matter on the inside. 118 00:06:02,880 --> 00:06:03,713 You can see a hole on. 119 00:06:03,713 --> 00:06:06,130 That grey matter's not really touching the edge. 120 00:06:06,130 --> 00:06:07,622 That's true. 121 00:06:07,622 --> 00:06:11,311 The neurons will actually run through the white matter 122 00:06:11,311 --> 00:06:13,478 to get to the grey matter. 123 00:06:16,455 --> 00:06:18,713 So the brain itself. 124 00:06:18,713 --> 00:06:21,152 It really is your command center. 125 00:06:21,152 --> 00:06:25,186 Even though your spinal cord can have spinal reflexes, 126 00:06:25,186 --> 00:06:28,415 it can make certain decisions on its own. 127 00:06:28,415 --> 00:06:31,120 Even when a decision is made, it still tells the brain 128 00:06:31,120 --> 00:06:32,673 what it did. 129 00:06:32,673 --> 00:06:35,673 Now there are three major divisions. 130 00:06:36,870 --> 00:06:39,715 One is called the hind brain. 131 00:06:39,715 --> 00:06:43,064 And this one is dealing with basic coordination, 132 00:06:43,064 --> 00:06:45,940 automatic control, vital tasks. 133 00:06:45,940 --> 00:06:47,588 Things that you don't even think about. 134 00:06:47,588 --> 00:06:49,005 They just happen. 135 00:06:49,971 --> 00:06:51,820 You have a mid-brain. 136 00:06:51,820 --> 00:06:54,339 Now this is coordinating your muscle groups. 137 00:06:54,339 --> 00:06:57,895 When a sight or sound occurs around you, 138 00:06:57,895 --> 00:07:00,679 this part of the brain will react to that sight 139 00:07:00,679 --> 00:07:02,596 or react to that sound. 140 00:07:04,103 --> 00:07:06,826 And then we have this fore-brain. 141 00:07:06,826 --> 00:07:11,039 The fore-brain is meant to receive signals. 142 00:07:11,039 --> 00:07:13,487 It's meant to take that sensory information 143 00:07:13,487 --> 00:07:16,098 and integrate it, to put it together, 144 00:07:16,098 --> 00:07:18,883 to understand what's going on. 145 00:07:18,883 --> 00:07:23,050 It helps you to determine or create your complex behaviors. 146 00:07:24,906 --> 00:07:29,059 Well if you're thinking, "Complex behavior, what's that?" 147 00:07:29,059 --> 00:07:32,104 The simple act of grabbing a glass of water 148 00:07:32,104 --> 00:07:34,520 and bring it to your mouth and drinking 149 00:07:34,520 --> 00:07:38,187 can integrate dozens of muscles all at once. 150 00:07:39,303 --> 00:07:41,916 Plus continual visual feedback. 151 00:07:41,916 --> 00:07:43,765 So you know it reaches your mouth. 152 00:07:43,765 --> 00:07:47,776 Plus touch receptors on your fingers to apply 153 00:07:47,776 --> 00:07:50,251 the correct pressure to the glass so it doesn't slip 154 00:07:50,251 --> 00:07:51,501 or isn't crushed. 155 00:07:51,501 --> 00:07:55,261 Plus the muscles in your throat to swallow. 156 00:07:55,261 --> 00:07:57,362 I mean, the list goes on and on. 157 00:07:57,362 --> 00:08:01,362 Almost every action we do is a complex behavior. 158 00:08:04,021 --> 00:08:05,492 We're looking at right now, is a 159 00:08:05,492 --> 00:08:07,076 picture of a human brain. 160 00:08:07,076 --> 00:08:10,879 That is a real human brain, not a model. 161 00:08:10,879 --> 00:08:15,003 We can see in the hind-brain, we have the pons, 162 00:08:15,003 --> 00:08:17,624 medulla oblongata, cerebellum. 163 00:08:17,624 --> 00:08:21,302 These are all the more primitive parts of our brain. 164 00:08:21,302 --> 00:08:24,686 The things that deal with our basic functionality. 165 00:08:24,686 --> 00:08:28,433 We're talking about heart, lungs, talking about the basic 166 00:08:28,433 --> 00:08:31,623 coordination for internal organs. 167 00:08:31,623 --> 00:08:35,790 So that's your hind-brain, pons, medulla, cerebellum. 168 00:08:37,750 --> 00:08:41,163 The mid-brain, well that's just the top of the brain stem. 169 00:08:41,163 --> 00:08:45,213 Helps to coordinate movement, allow the visual and auditory, 170 00:08:45,213 --> 00:08:49,380 so sight and sound, get's relaid through this location. 171 00:08:51,366 --> 00:08:52,518 And the fore-brain. 172 00:08:52,518 --> 00:08:54,999 Well fore is the front, so we're talking the front 173 00:08:54,999 --> 00:08:56,332 of the cerebrum. 174 00:08:56,332 --> 00:08:57,989 Part of the corpus callosum. 175 00:08:57,989 --> 00:08:59,904 The thalamus. 176 00:08:59,904 --> 00:09:04,071 All of these are more higher order or higher level thinking. 177 00:09:05,178 --> 00:09:07,756 Helps to take information and coordinate it. 178 00:09:07,756 --> 00:09:09,250 Thalamus. 179 00:09:09,250 --> 00:09:12,755 Corpus callosum just connects the two sides, right and left. 180 00:09:12,755 --> 00:09:14,391 So you can make sure your body's 181 00:09:14,391 --> 00:09:16,209 doing the same thing each side. 182 00:09:16,209 --> 00:09:19,711 The cerebrum, the entire top portion. 183 00:09:19,711 --> 00:09:23,878 Decision making, conscious thought, language, comprehension. 184 00:09:24,987 --> 00:09:29,154 It's really where the higher order thinking is occurring. 185 00:09:31,110 --> 00:09:34,424 To give a little more detail, let's start in the hind-brain, 186 00:09:34,424 --> 00:09:37,004 but look at the medulla oblongata. 187 00:09:37,004 --> 00:09:40,621 The medulla oblongata is a very primitive structure. 188 00:09:40,621 --> 00:09:42,937 It's very basic and simple in functionality. 189 00:09:42,937 --> 00:09:47,048 It's at the most inferior or bottom portion of the brain. 190 00:09:47,048 --> 00:09:49,973 It's what connects to the spinal cord. 191 00:09:49,973 --> 00:09:53,631 It controls some vital functionality in your body. 192 00:09:53,631 --> 00:09:55,944 You have your cardiovascular center. 193 00:09:55,944 --> 00:09:57,153 Deals with heart rate. 194 00:09:57,153 --> 00:09:58,800 Your respiratory center. 195 00:09:58,800 --> 00:10:01,543 Deals with the amount of respiration. 196 00:10:01,543 --> 00:10:04,033 How many breaths you take per minute. 197 00:10:04,033 --> 00:10:05,159 And I don't know about you guys, 198 00:10:05,159 --> 00:10:08,704 but heart, lungs, kind of important. 199 00:10:08,704 --> 00:10:12,645 But what's scary, the medulla oblongata in humans 200 00:10:12,645 --> 00:10:14,883 has the same basic functionality 201 00:10:14,883 --> 00:10:17,633 as medulla oblongata in reptiles. 202 00:10:18,801 --> 00:10:20,020 They still have a heart. 203 00:10:20,020 --> 00:10:21,828 They still breathe. 204 00:10:21,828 --> 00:10:24,664 So this is a very basic, primitive section of our brain 205 00:10:24,664 --> 00:10:27,997 that controls our body's living ability. 206 00:10:29,134 --> 00:10:32,283 We have some motor nerves crossing over here. 207 00:10:32,283 --> 00:10:35,191 Now what's interesting is when they cross over, 208 00:10:35,191 --> 00:10:38,133 that means that the right fore-brain 209 00:10:38,133 --> 00:10:40,012 or the right part of your brain, 210 00:10:40,012 --> 00:10:42,181 controls the left side of your body. 211 00:10:42,181 --> 00:10:44,377 So when you're moving your left hand, 212 00:10:44,377 --> 00:10:48,066 the thought process is on the right side of your brain. 213 00:10:48,066 --> 00:10:52,434 While the left brain controls the right side of the body. 214 00:10:52,434 --> 00:10:55,543 So you can say that your right hand is being controlled 215 00:10:55,543 --> 00:10:58,802 by the left side of your brain. 216 00:10:58,802 --> 00:11:01,149 So one of the things that my grandpa used to joke with, 217 00:11:01,149 --> 00:11:02,816 because he was left-handed, he said he was in the 218 00:11:02,816 --> 00:11:04,877 right frame of mind. 219 00:11:04,877 --> 00:11:07,507 Because being left-handed is a dominant side. 220 00:11:07,507 --> 00:11:10,790 That means his right brain was working more often. 221 00:11:10,790 --> 00:11:13,440 So the joke was always he's in the right frame of mind, 222 00:11:13,440 --> 00:11:14,894 right-handed. 223 00:11:14,894 --> 00:11:17,062 Right fore-brain to left hand. 224 00:11:17,062 --> 00:11:20,995 Well I'm right-handed, so my left fore-brain works more. 225 00:11:20,995 --> 00:11:22,751 Does that mean that the other side of the brain 226 00:11:22,751 --> 00:11:24,821 doesn't really work very much? 227 00:11:24,821 --> 00:11:25,718 No. Sure. 228 00:11:25,718 --> 00:11:27,181 Works plenty. 229 00:11:27,181 --> 00:11:28,598 Both halves work. 230 00:11:29,629 --> 00:11:31,854 The only difference is, which one controls 231 00:11:31,854 --> 00:11:33,771 which half of the body. 232 00:11:36,483 --> 00:11:37,316 All right. 233 00:11:37,316 --> 00:11:38,149 The cerebellum. 234 00:11:38,149 --> 00:11:39,754 We're still in the hind-brain. 235 00:11:39,754 --> 00:11:43,586 This is how you coordinate some basic movement of your body. 236 00:11:43,586 --> 00:11:46,419 Things like tying a shoe, walking, 237 00:11:47,873 --> 00:11:49,594 swinging a baseball bat, 238 00:11:49,594 --> 00:11:51,344 typing on a keyboard. 239 00:11:52,267 --> 00:11:55,825 Once you perform an action, it can store the process 240 00:11:55,825 --> 00:11:57,746 of muscle movement. 241 00:11:57,746 --> 00:12:01,913 It can then replicate these sequences to complete them. 242 00:12:03,130 --> 00:12:07,558 I mean look at a child trying to learn how to tie a shoe. 243 00:12:07,558 --> 00:12:08,970 Well the first couple of times, 244 00:12:08,970 --> 00:12:11,257 it's not going very well usually. 245 00:12:11,257 --> 00:12:13,289 But the more they practice, the more they try, 246 00:12:13,289 --> 00:12:15,694 the better and better it is. 247 00:12:15,694 --> 00:12:17,271 I'm willing to bet, most people now 248 00:12:17,271 --> 00:12:19,036 that are attending this class can probably tie a shoe 249 00:12:19,036 --> 00:12:21,153 without looking at it. 250 00:12:21,153 --> 00:12:23,498 The idea of you've done it so many hundreds of times 251 00:12:23,498 --> 00:12:26,656 in your life, so simply go through and it's done. 252 00:12:26,656 --> 00:12:29,156 It's stored in the cerebellum. 253 00:12:30,641 --> 00:12:32,233 Pons. 254 00:12:32,233 --> 00:12:36,815 Well the pons is just above the medulla oblongata. 255 00:12:36,815 --> 00:12:39,273 It's connecting the higher parts of the brain 256 00:12:39,273 --> 00:12:42,273 down to the medulla and spinal cord. 257 00:12:43,559 --> 00:12:46,627 It's helping to regulate all the information 258 00:12:46,627 --> 00:12:48,922 traveling through. 259 00:12:48,922 --> 00:12:52,437 It also helps with some respiration control though. 260 00:12:52,437 --> 00:12:55,342 So even though the medulla oblongata controls 261 00:12:55,342 --> 00:12:59,509 a lot of respiration, the pons kicks in, it helps out also. 262 00:13:02,242 --> 00:13:03,835 So let's move up a little bit. 263 00:13:03,835 --> 00:13:04,668 Mid-brain. 264 00:13:05,769 --> 00:13:09,952 Mid-brain is dealing with vision and hearing primarily. 265 00:13:09,952 --> 00:13:13,034 Now when you hear something, does your head move 266 00:13:13,034 --> 00:13:14,586 in reaction to it? 267 00:13:14,586 --> 00:13:15,419 Sometimes. 268 00:13:16,325 --> 00:13:18,743 Also when you're out and you hear a sharp snap 269 00:13:18,743 --> 00:13:20,386 off to one side of you. 270 00:13:20,386 --> 00:13:23,932 Good chance your head's gonna turn to that direction. 271 00:13:23,932 --> 00:13:27,000 So the mid-brain is helping to control the movement 272 00:13:27,000 --> 00:13:30,000 in response to what you hear or see. 273 00:13:31,689 --> 00:13:33,095 For instance, if you're talking to someone 274 00:13:33,095 --> 00:13:36,820 in a conversation, is it typical where you stare 275 00:13:36,820 --> 00:13:38,457 completely away from them? 276 00:13:38,457 --> 00:13:39,986 No, a lot of times you're probably looking at them 277 00:13:39,986 --> 00:13:41,511 or at least near them. 278 00:13:41,511 --> 00:13:45,678 Again, hearing and vision are coordinated through this area. 279 00:13:46,542 --> 00:13:51,000 The eyes, pupil size, how much light is coming in. 280 00:13:51,000 --> 00:13:54,791 A bright sunny day, those pupils are smaller. 281 00:13:54,791 --> 00:13:58,894 An overcast, gloomy day, the pupils are larger, 282 00:13:58,894 --> 00:14:00,727 letting more light in. 283 00:14:03,176 --> 00:14:05,683 And up to the fore-brain. 284 00:14:05,683 --> 00:14:08,080 This really is where our conscious thought is, 285 00:14:08,080 --> 00:14:11,921 where are emotions are, where our higher order thinking is. 286 00:14:11,921 --> 00:14:14,439 It will receive the information 287 00:14:14,439 --> 00:14:17,381 from the mid-brain and the hind-brain, 288 00:14:17,381 --> 00:14:20,190 but then it can integrate the information. 289 00:14:20,190 --> 00:14:21,676 It can put it together. 290 00:14:21,676 --> 00:14:25,244 It can form emotions based on the information given. 291 00:14:25,244 --> 00:14:29,541 It can form thoughts based on the information given. 292 00:14:29,541 --> 00:14:32,262 It can determine a cause and effect 293 00:14:32,262 --> 00:14:34,845 based on the information given. 294 00:14:36,365 --> 00:14:39,169 So we have the hypothalamus. 295 00:14:39,169 --> 00:14:43,172 Well the hypothalamus deals with homeostasis. 296 00:14:43,172 --> 00:14:45,996 Now I hope you remember, homeostasis is how your body 297 00:14:45,996 --> 00:14:48,568 maintains proper levels. 298 00:14:48,568 --> 00:14:52,489 Keeps everything balance and in the proper order. 299 00:14:52,489 --> 00:14:55,984 The thalamus, think of it as "Grand Central Station." 300 00:14:55,984 --> 00:14:57,586 Everything comes in. 301 00:14:57,586 --> 00:15:00,027 All your sensory information comes in, 302 00:15:00,027 --> 00:15:04,191 it's processed and then sent off, transferred out. 303 00:15:04,191 --> 00:15:06,781 So what it's doing is taking all this information in 304 00:15:06,781 --> 00:15:08,851 and figuring out where to send it. 305 00:15:08,851 --> 00:15:13,018 What part of the brain to send this information to. 306 00:15:14,192 --> 00:15:17,200 Limbic system and the cerebrum. 307 00:15:17,200 --> 00:15:19,448 Now limbic system is kind of interwoven 308 00:15:19,448 --> 00:15:21,934 throughout the cerebrum as well parts of the 309 00:15:21,934 --> 00:15:24,766 thalamus and hypothalamus. 310 00:15:24,766 --> 00:15:27,226 But what's important with the limbic system, 311 00:15:27,226 --> 00:15:32,042 that really is your core, emotional center of your brain. 312 00:15:32,042 --> 00:15:34,560 Your emotions all run through the limbic system. 313 00:15:34,560 --> 00:15:38,392 But it's also what puts memory into short-term 314 00:15:38,392 --> 00:15:40,142 or long-term storage. 315 00:15:41,997 --> 00:15:44,131 The cerebrum, that's pretty much the entire 316 00:15:44,131 --> 00:15:46,438 top portion of the brain, 317 00:15:46,438 --> 00:15:50,176 language, decision-making, conscious thoughts, 318 00:15:50,176 --> 00:15:52,136 perception of right and wrong. 319 00:15:52,136 --> 00:15:52,969 List goes on. 320 00:15:52,969 --> 00:15:56,969 These are all your higher order thinking skills. 321 00:15:59,021 --> 00:16:00,858 So what's the structure of the cerebrum? 322 00:16:00,858 --> 00:16:01,752 Well, we've got two halves. 323 00:16:01,752 --> 00:16:03,601 We said right and left already. 324 00:16:03,601 --> 00:16:07,765 They're in the right and left hemispheres. 325 00:16:07,765 --> 00:16:10,936 They're held together by this corpus callosum. 326 00:16:10,936 --> 00:16:15,110 The corpus callosum is just pure nerve tracks. 327 00:16:15,110 --> 00:16:19,463 Its only job is allow information to go from right to left 328 00:16:19,463 --> 00:16:21,340 or left to right. 329 00:16:21,340 --> 00:16:25,656 And it's the only way information goes left to right 330 00:16:25,656 --> 00:16:28,573 and right to left for the cerebrum. 331 00:16:30,039 --> 00:16:31,216 Cerebral cortex. 332 00:16:31,216 --> 00:16:34,266 It's gray matter along the outside of the cerebrum. 333 00:16:34,266 --> 00:16:37,757 It's kind of helping with a lot of processing power.